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Who's who of sants and teachers that contributed to the intellectual traditions of Banaras, an ancient site of learning, from Ranjit Makkuni's Crossing project, 2000.

Throughout the centuries literature and cities have shared a special symbiotic relationship. Modern metropolitan cities carry the complexity and tension of modern life. The creativity they inspire bears a special genre of literature of discontent and tension conflict and existential angst. In comparison Kashi, the  ancient city of enlightenment, revels in a generative environment of traditional learning. As early as the 7th century B C, the sacred city became the focal point of increased intellectual and spiritual activity. And since then, has flourished as one of the greatest centers of traditional learning and of established theological and philosophical discourse.

From Makkuni, R., Khanna, M., 2002, "Banaras: The Crossing Project," Sacred World Foundation. 

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Al-Biruni

Al-Biruni, the great astrologer – astronomer (1021 A.D.) travelled to India and visited Banaras in search of knowledge.

From Makkuni, R., Khanna, M., 2002, "Banaras: The Crossing Project," Sacred World Foundation. 

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Annie Besant

When Annie Beasant came to India, (1820 A. D.), she had a great vision of the spiritual, moral and political regeneration of India. Banaras became a  cornerstone for Annie Beasant’s great project. She moved to Banaras and started the Indian section of the Theosophical Society in 1896. What Annie Beasant wanted to do was to create a new model of education. She wanted to create a new human being by combining ancient wisdom with modern European knowledge. To this end she started many institutions in Banaras, the most important of which was the Central Hindu College. Soon this college had more than a thousand pupils. It was actually the germ from which the Banaras Hindu University was formed later with the help of Pt. Madan Mohan Malaviya and others.

From Makkuni, R., Khanna, M., 2002, "Banaras: The Crossing Project," Sacred World Foundation. 

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